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PECB QMS ISO 9001:2015 Lead Auditor Exam Sample Questions (Q115-Q120):

NEW QUESTION # 115
An audit team of three people is conducting a Stage 2 audit to ISO 9001 of an engineering organisation which manufactures sacrificial anodes for the oil and gas industry in marine environments. These are aluminium products designed to prevent corrosion of submerged steel structures. As one of the auditors, you find that the organisation has shipped anodes for Project DK in the Gulf of Mexico before the galvanic efficiency test results for the anodes have been fully analysed and reported as required by the customer. The Quality Manager explains that the Managing Director authorised the release of the anodes to avoid late delivery as penalties would be imposed. The customer was not informed since the tests rarely fall below the required efficiency. You raise a nonconformity against clause 8.6 of ISO 9001.
During the audit team meeting in preparation for the Closing meeting, the second auditor disagreed with the clause of ISO 9001 selected for the above nonconformity. He thinks it should be clause 9.1.1.
Choose three options for how the audit team leader should best respond to the situation:

A. The audit team leader will refer to the quality manager to determine which clause they agree with.
B. Immediately agree with the second auditor that clause 9.1.1 would be better.
C. Immediately overule the objection of the second auditor with no discussion of the clause.
D. Try to obtain a consensus between you and the second auditor after a discussion of the different opinions.
E. Review the evidence with you and the second auditor, and then decide which clause of ISO 9001 would best apply.
F. Invite you and the second auditor to fully explain your point of view and then decide which clause to select.
G. Suggest that neither clause is accurate and instead propose clause 9.1.3 as the best one for the nonconformity.
H. Advise that he will think about the clause and announce his decision during the Closing meeting.

Answer: D,E,F

Explanation:
As the audit team leader, it is crucial to manage differing opinions constructively and ensure that the correct clause is selected for the nonconformity based on solid evidence. Here's how the situation should be handled:
E:Invite you and the second auditor to fully explain your point of view and then decide which clause to select: This promotes collaboration and transparency, allowing both auditors to present their rationale for choosing the specific clause.
F: Review the evidence with you and the second auditor, and then decide which clause of ISO 9001 would best apply: Reviewing the evidence in relation to the specific requirements of ISO 9001 is essential for determining which clause is most appropriate.
H: Try to obtain a consensus between you and the second auditor after a discussion of the different opinions:
Consensus-building is a crucial skill for an audit team leader. Achieving agreement ensures the nonconformity is addressed accurately and with full team support.
Options such as overruling immediately (D) or deferring the decision without full discussion (B) could undermine team dynamics and the audit process. Consulting the quality manager (A) or selecting an entirely different clause (G) is unnecessary, as the team should resolve the issue internally.

NEW QUESTION # 116
Which type of audit risk is the risk that a significant defect may occur in the QMS, although the organization has internal control mechanisms in place?

A. Detection risk.
B. Operational risk.
C. Inherent risk.
D. Control risk.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Audit risks are categorized into different types based on where failures may occur in the QMS audit process.
Clause References:
* ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.3 - Managing Audit Risk: Defines different audit risks, including control risk.
Why is the Correct Answer A?
* Control risk occurs when internal controls fail to prevent or detect nonconformities.
* Even if controls exist, the risk remains if the QMS fails to identify or correct defects.
Why are the Other Options Incorrect?
* B (Inherent risk) # This refers to risks naturally present in processes, even before controls are applied.
* C (Detection risk) # This is the risk that an auditor fails to detect nonconformities.
* D (Operational risk) # This refers to risks related to day-to-day business operations, not QMS audits.
Reference:
ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.3 - Managing Audit Risk

NEW QUESTION # 117
What competence, among others, should each audit team member have?

A. A formal degree in quality management.
B. Knowledge of the industry in which the auditee operates.
C. Expertise in each domain to be audited.
D. Knowledge of the risk-based approach to auditing.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Auditors must have competence in risk-based auditing to effectively assess an organization's QMS performance and compliance.
Clause References:
* ISO 19011:2018, Clause 7.2.3 - Determining Auditor Competence:
* Auditors must have knowledge of risk-based thinking to assess risk impact on processes.
* ISO 9001:2015, Clause 0.3.3 - Risk-Based Thinking:
* The standard emphasizes proactive risk management, which auditors must understand.
Why is the Correct Answer B?
* Risk-based auditing ensures audits focus on high-risk areas, improving audit effectiveness.
* Auditors must assess how organizations apply risk-based thinking in decision-making, process control, and improvement.
Why are the Other Options Incorrect?
* A (Industry knowledge) # While helpful, it is not mandatory for all auditors.
* C (Expertise in all domains) # Auditors are not required to be experts in all areas, just in audit methodology.
* D (Formal degree in quality management) # ISO does not require a formal degree, just competence in audit principles and methods.
Reference:
ISO 19011:2018, Clause 7.2.3 - Determining Auditor Competence
ISO 9001:2015, Clause 0.3.3 - Risk-Based Thinking

NEW QUESTION # 118
You are carrying out an audit at a single-site organisation seeking certification to ISO 9001 for the first time.
The organisation manufactures
cosmetics for major retailers.
You are interviewing the Manufacturing Manager (MM).
You: "I would like to begin by looking at the cleaning controls."
MM: "We record the cleaning of the equipment at the end of every batch. This document details the minimum cleaning frequency and the procedures to follow for all areas and each item of equipment. The person who carries out the cleaning puts their initial on the document and records the time and date alongside." Narrative: You sample production records over 3-days and note down evidence of nonconformity as per the table below.

Answer:

Explanation:

NEW QUESTION # 119
Scenario 3:
Fin-Pro is a financial institution in Austria offering commercial banking, wealth management, and investment services. The company faced a significant loss of customers due to failing to improve service quality as they expanded.
To regain customer confidence, top management implemented a QMS based on ISO 9001. After a year, they contacted ACB, a local certification body, to pursue ISO 9001 certification.
The audit team was led by Emilia, an experienced lead auditor, and included three auditors. After an agreement was reached, ACB sent the audit objectives to the audit team.
The audit team began by gathering information about Fin-Pro's understanding of ISO 9001 requirements.
While reviewing documented information, they noticed missing records of training and awareness sessions. They conducted employee interviews to verify attendance.
The team also reviewed the organizational chart and job descriptions to confirm employee competence.
They observed the company's working environment (social, psychological, and physical conditions).
The audit team analyzed the evidence and prepared an audit report with findings and conclusions.
In scenario 3, the audit team required access to see the organizational chart and job descriptions to verify the employees' competence. Based on audit best practices, is this acceptable?

A. Yes, because that would be sufficient evidence to verify competence.
B. No, because competence should only be verified through direct observation.
C. No, because the audit evidence would not be relevant.
D. Yes, because auditors should see the organizational chart and job descriptions to verify competence.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
ISO 9001:2015 requires organizations to ensure competence of personnel whose work affects quality performance.
Clause References:
* Clause 7.2 - Competence: Organizations must determine, provide, and evaluate competence of employees performing work under the QMS.
* ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.4.6 - Audit Evidence: Auditors should use a combination of document review, interviews, and observation to verify competence.
Why is the Correct Answer C?
* The organizational chart shows reporting structures and helps verify roles and responsibilities.
* Job descriptions outline required qualifications, skills, and competencies for each role.
* These documents provide objective audit evidence that personnel meet the required competencies for their positions.
Why are the Other Options Incorrect?
* A (Sufficient evidence) # Partially correct, but competence verification often requires multiple sources of evidence, including training records, certifications, and observations.
* B (Not relevant) # Incorrect because verifying competence is crucial for ensuring effective QMS implementation.
* D (Direct observation only) # Observation alone is insufficient; documentation and interviews are also required to confirm competence.
Reference:
ISO 9001:2015, Clause 7.2 - Competence
ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.4.6 - Audit Evidence

NEW QUESTION # 120
......

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