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GDPR學習指南 & GDPR考證
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PECB GDPR 考試大綱:
主題
簡介
主題 1
- This section of the exam measures the skills of Data Protection Officers and covers fundamental concepts of data protection, key principles of GDPR, and the legal framework governing data privacy. It evaluates the understanding of compliance measures required to meet regulatory standards, including data processing principles, consent management, and individuals' rights under GDPR.
主題 2
- Data protection concepts: General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and compliance measures
主題 3
- Roles and responsibilities of accountable parties for GDPR compliance: This section of the exam measures the skills of Compliance Managers and covers the responsibilities of various stakeholders, such as data controllers, data processors, and supervisory authorities, in ensuring GDPR compliance. It assesses knowledge of accountability frameworks, documentation requirements, and reporting obligations necessary to maintain compliance with regulatory standards.
主題 4
- Technical and organizational measures for data protection: This section of the exam measures the skills of IT Security Specialists and covers the implementation of technical and organizational safeguards to protect personal data. It evaluates the ability to apply encryption, pseudonymization, and access controls, as well as the establishment of security policies, risk assessments, and incident response plans to enhance data protection and mitigate risks.
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最新的 Privacy And Data Protection GDPR 免費考試真題 (Q13-Q18):
問題 #13
Scenario3:
COR Bank is an international banking group that operates in 31 countries. It was formed as the merger of two well-known investment banks in Germany. Their two main fields of business are retail and investment banking. COR Bank provides innovative solutions for services such as payments, cash management, savings, protection insurance, and real-estate services. COR Bank has a large number of clients and transactions.
Therefore, they process large information, including clients' personal data. Some of the data from the application processes of COR Bank, including archived data, is operated by Tibko, an IT services company located in Canada. To ensure compliance with the GDPR, COR Bank and Tibko have reached a data processing agreement Based on the agreement, the purpose and conditions of data processing are determined by COR Bank. However, Tibko is allowed to make technical decisions for storing the data based on its own expertise. COR Bank aims to remain a trustworthy bank and a long-term partner for its clients. Therefore, they devote special attention to legal compliance. They started the implementation process of a GDPR compliance program in 2018. The first step was to analyze the existing resources and procedures. Lisa was appointed as the data protection officer (DPO). Being the information security manager of COR Bank for many years, Lisa had knowledge of the organization's core activities. She was previously involved in most of the processes related to information systems management and data protection. Lisa played a key role in achieving compliance to the GDPR by advising the company regarding data protection obligations and creating a data protection strategy. After obtaining evidence of the existing data protection policy, Lisa proposed to adapt the policy to specific requirements of GDPR. Then, Lisa implemented the updates of the policy within COR Bank. To ensure consistency between processes of different departments within the organization, Lisa has constantly communicated with all heads of GDPR. Then, Lisa implemented the updates of the policy within COR Bank. To ensure consistency between processes of different departments within the organization, Lisa has constantly communicated with all heads of departments. As the DPO, she had access to several departments, including HR and Accounting Department. This assured the organization that there was a continuous cooperation between them. The activities of some departments within COR Bank are closely related to data protection. Therefore, considering their expertise, Lisa was advised from the top management to take orders from the heads of those departments when taking decisions related to their field. Based on this scenario, answer the following question:
Question:
Considering the GDPR's territorial scope and thedata processing agreementbetween COR Bank and Tibko, which of the following best describes Tibko's obligations under the GDPR?
- A. Tibko is not subject to GDPR since it is located outside the EU and only provides IT services.
- B. Tibko must adhere to all GDPR provisions independently, including determining the purpose of processing personal data, as a processor acting under COR Bank's authority.
- C. Tibko is required to comply with the GDPR because it processes personal data on behalf of COR Bank, and COR Bank determines the purpose of processing under their agreement.
- D. Tibko's compliance with GDPR is limited to implementing technical safeguards for data storage,as stipulated by the data processing agreement with COR Bank.
答案:C
解題說明:
UnderArticle 3(2) of GDPR, GDPR appliesextraterritoriallyif an entity outside the EUprocesses personal data of EU residentson behalf of a controller subject to GDPR.Tibko processes COR Bank's client data, making it subject to GDPRas a processorunderArticle 28.
* Option C is correctbecause Tibko must comply with GDPRsince it processes EU data on behalf of COR Bank.
* Option A is incorrectbecause processors must comply withbroader GDPR obligations, not just technical safeguards.
* Option B is incorrectbecause processorsdo not determinethe purpose of processing; that is the controller's responsibility.
* Option D is incorrectbecauselocation outside the EU does not exempt processors from GDPR obligations.
References:
* GDPR Article 3(2)(Territorial Scope)
* GDPR Article 28(1)(Processor obligations)
* Recital 81(Processor responsibilities)
問題 #14
Question:
Organization XYZ has just appointed aDPO. As such, XYZ needs toestablish the DPO's rolein the employment contract.
Which of the statements belowholds true?
- A. The DPO acts as acontact pointbetween the organization'stop management and employees.
- B. The DPO acts as acontact pointbetween thesupervisory authoritiesand the controller.
- C. The DPO acts as acontact pointbetween thecontroller and the processor.
- D. The DPO acts as adecision-makeron all data processing activities.
答案:B
解題說明:
UnderArticle 39(1)(e) of GDPR, theDPO acts as a contact point for supervisory authoritiesand must be readily accessible for regulatory inquiries and investigations.
* Option A is correctbecauseGDPR explicitly states that the DPO serves as a liaison between the organization and the supervisory authority.
* Option B is incorrectbecausethe controller and processor are independent entities under GDPR, and the DPO does not facilitate their relationship.
* Option C is incorrectbecausethe DPO does not act as a communication channel for internal company matters.
* Option D is incorrectbecauseDPOs advise and monitor but do not make operational decisions.
References:
* GDPR Article 39(1)(e)(DPO is a contact point for the supervisory authority)
* Recital 97(DPO's role in ensuring compliance)
問題 #15
Scenario6:
Bus Spot is one of the largest bus operators in Spain. The company operates in local transport and bus rental since 2009. The success of Bus Spot can be attributed to the digitization of the bus ticketing system, through which clients can easily book tickets and stay up to date on any changes to their arrival or departure time. In recent years, due to the large number of passengers transporteddaily. Bus Spot has dealt with different incidents including vandalism, assaults on staff, and fraudulent injury claims. Considering the severity of these incidents, the need for having strong security measures had become crucial. Last month, the company decided to install a CCTV system across its network of buses. This security measure was taken to monitor the behavior of the company's employees and passengers, enabling crime prevention and ensuring safety and security. Following this decision, Bus Spot initiated a data protection impact assessment (DPIA). The outcome of each step of the DPIA was documented as follows: Step 1: In all 150 buses, two CCTV cameras will be installed. Only individuals authorized by Bus Spot will have access to the information generated by the CCTV system. CCTV cameras capture images only when the Bus Spot's buses are being used. The CCTV cameras will record images and sound. The information is transmitted to a video recorder and stored for 20 days. In case of incidents, CCTV recordings may be stored for more than 40 days and disclosed to a law enforcement body. Data collected through the CCTV system will be processed bv another organization. The purpose of processing this tvoe of information is to increase the security and safety of individuals and prevent criminal activity. Step 2: All employees of Bus Spot were informed for the installation of a CCTV system. As the data controller, Bus Spot will have the ultimate responsibility to conduct the DPIA. Appointing a DPO at that point was deemed unnecessary. However, the data processor's suggestions regarding the CCTV installation were taken into account. Step 3: Risk Likelihood (Unlikely, Possible, Likely) Severity (Moderate, Severe, Critical) Overall risk (Low, Medium, High) There is a risk that the principle of lawfulness, fairness, and transparency will be compromised since individuals might not be aware of the CCTV location and its field of view. Likely Moderate Low There is a risk that the principle of integrity and confidentiality may be compromised in case the CCTV system is not monitored and controlled with adequate security measures.
Possible Severe Medium There is a risk related to the right of individuals to be informed regarding the installation of CCTV cameras. Possible Moderate Low Step 4: Bus Spot will provide appropriate training to individuals that have access to the information generated by the CCTV system. In addition, it will ensure that the employees of the data processor are trained as well. In each entrance of the bus, a sign for the use of CCTV will be displayed. The sign will be visible and readable by all passengers. It will show other details such as the purpose of its use, the identity of Bus Spot, and its contact number in case there are any queries.
Only two employees of Bus Spot will be authorized to access the CCTV system. They will continuously monitor it and report any unusual behavior of bus drivers or passengers to Bus Spot. The requests of individuals that are subject to a criminal activity for accessing the CCTV images will be evaluated only for a limited period of time. If the access is allowed, the CCTV images will be exported by the CCTV system to an appropriate file format. Bus Spot will use a file encryption software to encrypt data before transferring onto another file format. Step 5: Bus Spot's top management has evaluated the DPIA results for the processing of data through CCTV system. The actions suggested to address the identified risks have been approved and will be implemented based on best practices. This DPIA involves the analysis of the risks and impacts in only a group of buses located in the capital of Spain. Therefore, the DPIA will be reconducted for each of Bus Spot's buses in Spain before installing the CCTV system. Based on this scenario, answer the following question:
Question:
Which step of theDPIA methodologydid Bus Spotmisswhen conducting the DPIA?
- A. The stepdescribing the data processing activities, where it should have detailed thescope, nature, context, and purposes of the processing.
- B. Thesupervisory authority approvalstep, where it should have obtained prior authorization before implementing the CCTV system.
- C. Thenecessity and proportionality evaluationstep, where it should have determined thelawful basis for data processing.
- D. Thealignment with GDPR-defined DPIA guidelines, where it should have adhered to the regulatory framework and methodology outlined by the GDPR.
答案:C
解題說明:
UnderArticle 35(7)(b) of GDPR, a DPIA must include an assessment of thenecessity and proportionality of processing. This ensures that data processingis lawful, limited, and justified. Bus Spotmissed this step, which is essential for verifyingthe lawful basis for processing CCTV data.
* Option A is correctbecause thenecessity and proportionality assessment was required but not completed.
* Option B is incorrectbecause Bus Spotdocumented data processing activities in the DPIA.
* Option C is incorrectbecausenot aligning with GDPR guidelines does not automatically invalidate a DPIA.
* Option D is incorrectbecauseprior approval from a supervisory authority is only required if high- risk processing is detected without sufficient mitigation measures(Article 36).
References:
* GDPR Article 35(7)(b)(Necessity and proportionality in DPIAs)
* Recital 90(Assessing necessity in a DPIA)
問題 #16
Question:
Based onArticle 58 of GDPR, whatpowersmust thesupervisory authorityhave?
- A. Toassign the tasks of the controller or the processorand monitor their implementation.
- B. Toobtain access to any premisesof the controller and processor, including data processing equipment.
- C. Toappoint a single DPOin a group of undertakings.
- D. Toapprove all privacy policiesbefore they are implemented.
答案:B
解題說明:
UnderArticle 58 of GDPR,supervisory authorities have investigative and corrective powers, includingthe ability to access premises and equipmentused for personal data processing.
* Option B is correctbecausesupervisory authorities can investigate controllers and processors, including accessing IT systems.
* Option A is incorrectbecausesupervisory authorities do not appoint DPOs; controllers and processors must do this themselves.
* Option C is incorrectbecausesupervisory authorities do not manage controllers' or processors' tasks.
* Option D is incorrectbecausesupervisory authorities do not pre-approve privacy policies.
References:
* GDPR Article 58(1)(f)(Supervisory authorities can access premises and data)
* Recital 129(Authorities must have investigation powers)
問題 #17
Question:
Which of the followingscenarios does NOT require conducting a DPIA?
- A. When an organizationcollects public social media profilesfor ad personalization.
- B. When ahospital collects and processes genetic and health dataof its patients.
- C. When an organizationprocesses datato comply withlegal obligationsunder applicable Union law.
- D. When an organizationinstalls AI-driven video analyticsto track employees' work patterns.
答案:C
解題說明:
UnderArticle 35(1) of GDPR, aDPIA is not requiredwhen processing isbased on a legal obligationunder EU or national law.
* Option A is correctbecauselegal obligations provide a lawful basis for processing, making DPIAs unnecessary unless explicitly required by law.
* Option B is incorrectbecausehealth and genetic data are special categories of data, requiring a DPIA under Article 35(3)(b).
* Option C is incorrectbecauseprofiling and behavioral analysis require a DPIA, as perArticle 35(3) (a).
* Option D is incorrectbecauseworkplace surveillance with AI requires a DPIA, as it involves automated monitoring.
References:
* GDPR Article 35(1)(DPIA requirement for high-risk processing)
* Recital 91(Health data and large-scale profiling require DPIAs)
問題 #18
......
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